Reconstructive surgery can physically and functionally enhance abnormal structures of the body, caused by congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors or disease. Generally, reconstructive surgery is performed to improve functions, but may also be performed to achieve a normal appearance. Trauma reconstructive surgery is generally covered by most health insurance policies, although coverage for specific procedures and the levels of coverage may vary depending on the healthcare provider.

Facial trauma can result from a penetrating or blunt injury, such as those from gunshots, physical altercations, and motor vehicle accidents. Trauma can result in severe damage to the skin, underlying skeleton, the nasal and oral lining, and dental structures. Depending upon the extent of injuries, patients with facial trauma may be cared for by a team of specialists that includes a plastic surgeon, neurosurgeon, oral surgeon, orthodontist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, psychologist and nurse.

The goals of trauma reconstructive surgery differ from those of cosmetic surgery. Trauma reconstructive surgery is performed on abnormal structures of the body caused by trauma or injury. Burn wounds, lacerations, growths, and aging problems are considered acquired deformities, in which trauma reconstructive surgery may be necessary. Some patients may find that a procedure commonly thought to be aesthetic in nature may be performed to achieve a reconstructive goal. For example, an adult whose face has an asymmetrical look because of paralysis might have a balancing facelift. Although appearance is enhanced, the main goal of the trauma reconstructive surgery is to restore function.

When trauma reconstructive surgery is performed by an experienced,plastic surgeon, complications are infrequent and usually minor. The outcome of trauma plastic surgery is never completely predictable, and each individual case will vary greatly depending on the patient's anatomy and healing ability. As with any surgery, trauma reconstructive surgery complications can occur. Infection, excessive bleeding, blood clots, significant bruising and wound-healing difficulties, and problems related to anesthesia and surgery are all possible complications from trauma reconstructive surgery. Consult with your doctor to decide if trauma reconstructive surgery can benefit you.